1085–1135
in History and the Historians of Medieval Spain
April 1993; published online October 2011.
Chapter. Subjects: early history (500 CE to 1500). 21595 words.
Fifty years and a day separated the reconquest of Toledo from the imperial coronation of Alfonso VII, and between the two events — one perhaps a misnomer, the other certainly the cynosure of...
1791
in Marriage and Revolution
June 2012; published online September 2012.
Chapter. Subjects: early modern history (1500 to 1700). 5037 words.
This chapter describes the time when Roland is sent to Paris to grapple with Lyon's crippling municipal debt, incurred through exactions under the ancien regime. He lobbies the Constituent Assembly...
1791
in Marriage and Revolution
June 2012; published online September 2012.
Chapter. Subjects: early modern history (1500 to 1700). 3302 words.
Mme Roland returns to the Beaujolais with new friend, Sophie Grandchamp. Against expectation, Roland on his return is not elected to the Legislative Assembly by the Lyonnais. The inspectorate is...
1792–1793
in Marriage and Revolution
June 2012; published online September 2012.
Chapter. Subjects: early modern history (1500 to 1700). 8606 words.
Despite the split between Brissotins (or ‘Girondins’) and Montagnards in the Convention, briefly discussed, divisions do not concern all policy: this chapter considers Roland's daily work as Interior...
1801–1804
in In the Wake of the Great Rebellion
August 2008; published online July 2012.
Chapter. Subjects: modern history (1700 to 1945). 4299 words.
This chapter describes the movement during 1801–1804. Despite the lull in active resistance brought about by the cessation of hostilities between Britain and France in 1802 much of Ulster continued...
1848
in The Romanians, 1774–1866
June 1996; published online October 2011.
Chapter. Subjects: modern history (1700 to 1945). 20881 words.
This chapter discusses the events of 1848, the year that signified the triumph of the idea of nation. Romanian intellectuals made a lot of effort to achieve this, from justifying demands for...
1891–1893
in Francesco Crispi 1818-1901
April 2002; published online January 2010.
Chapter. Subjects: modern history (1700 to 1945). 15111 words.
Francesco Crispi's resignation as Italy's prime minister left him full of rancour. He came to believe that the king and the court had conspired to remove him. However, the scandal of the Banca Romana...
1895
October 2011; published online March 2012.
Book. Subjects: early modern history (1500 to 1700). 248 pages.
Oscar Wilde's disastrous libel suit against the Marquess of Queensberry dominated British newspapers during the spring of 1895. This book shows that the Wilde scandal was just one of many events to...
711
in History and the Historians of Medieval Spain
April 1993; published online October 2011.
Chapter. Subjects: early history (500 CE to 1500). 23254 words.
In the years after the Fourth Council of Toledo the flaws in the contract were soon revealed and by January 681, and when the Twelfth Council assembled, quite gaping conceptual cracks were already...
843–888
in France in the Making 843–1180
February 2000; published online October 2011.
Chapter. Subjects: early history (500 CE to 1500). 5616 words.
Nithard, Charlemagne's grandson, ended his description of the negotiations leading up to the Treaty of Verdun in 843, by which Charlemagne's empire was partitioned between his three legitimate...