“A Free Man Thinks of Nothing Less Than of Death”
in Early Modern Philosophy
May 2005; published online July 2005.
Chapter. Subjects: history of Western philosophy. 9288 words.
Spinoza's doctrine of the eternal existence of the mind has given rise to an enormous amount of speculation, both as to what he meant by the doctrine and why he included it in the Ethics. This...
‘A Learned and Eloquent Piety’
in Descartes: An Intellectual Biography
May 1997; published online November 2003.
Chapter. Subjects: history of Western philosophy. 10888 words.
Extracts from Descartes's correspondence with Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia explaining his ideas on the passions lead to a psychological analysis of Descartes and a discussion of melancholia....
The A Priori
in The Domain of Reasons
November 2010; published online January 2011.
Chapter. Subjects: history of Western philosophy. 15183 words.
This chapter gives a normative account of what it means to say of a proposition, of a warrant, and of knowledge that it is a priori; it then argues that all synthetic a priori propositions are either...
‘A Sort of Composite Photograph’: Pragmatism, Ideas, and Schematism
in The Pragmatic Maxim
November 2012; published online January 2013.
Chapter. Subjects: history of Western philosophy. 7642 words.
Peirce often described ideas or general concepts metaphorically as composite photographs. After explaining what composite photographs are, the chapter argues that this explains how ideas are iconic...
Aaron, Richard Ithamar (1901–87)
in The Continuum Encyclopedia of British Philosophy
January 2006; published online January 2010.
Reference Entry. Subjects: history of Western philosophy. 1390 words.
R. I. Aaron was born in Seven Sisters on 6 November 1901, but brought up in Ynystawe in the
Abbot, Francis Ellingwood (1836–1903)
in The Dictionary of Modern American Philosophers
January 2005; published online January 2010.
Reference Entry. Subjects: history of Western philosophy. 3825 words.
Francis Ellingwood Abbot was born in Boston, Massachusetts on 6 November 1836. Following Boston Latin School, Abbot joined the class
Abbott, Edwin (1838–1926)
in The Continuum Encyclopedia of British Philosophy
January 2006; published online January 2010.
Reference Entry. Subjects: history of Western philosophy. 596 words.
Edwin Abbott was born in London on 20 December 1838 and died of influenza, having been bedridden for seven years,
Abbott, Lyman (1835–1922)
in The Dictionary of Modern American Philosophers
January 2005; published online January 2010.
Reference Entry. Subjects: history of Western philosophy. 607 words.
Abbott Lyman was born on 18 December 1835 in Roxbury, Massachusetts. Lyman graduated from New York University with a BA
Abbott, Thomas Kingsmill (1829–1913)
in The Continuum Encyclopedia of British Philosophy
January 2006; published online January 2010.
Reference Entry. Subjects: history of Western philosophy. 1266 words.
Thomas Kingsmill Abbott was born in Dublin on 26 March 1829 and died there on 18 December 1913. He
Abbt, Thomas (1738–66)
in The Dictionary of Eighteenth-Century German Philosophers
January 2010; published online January 2011.
Reference Entry. Subjects: 17th - 18th century philosophy. 1731 words.
Thomas Abbt was born in Ulm on 17 November 1738 and died in Bückeburg on 3 November 1766. The