Ab initio structure solution
in Applications of Neutron Powder Diffraction
October 2008; published online January 2009.
Chapter. Subjects: condensed matter physics. 24830 words.
This chapter describes general approaches to the ab initio solution of crystal structures from X-ray or neutron powder diffraction data. The steps in the process, unit cell determination and...
THE ABSOLUTE POSITION OF EQUILIBRIA
in The Structure of Physical Chemistry
October 2005; published online September 2007.
Chapter. Subjects: condensed matter physics. 12706 words.
This chapter discusses the state of equilibria. Topics covered include quantum statistics, absolute calculation of equilibria, absolute entropy of a monatomic gas, factors determining the balance of...
Acoustic and temperature waves
in Helium Three
May 2001; published online January 2010.
Chapter. Subjects: condensed matter physics. 7944 words.
This chapter examines 3He-4He mixtures with acoustic and temperature waves. Topics discussed include first sound, velocity of second sound, attenuation of second sound, oscillating superleak...
Acoustic Microscopy
September 2009; published online February 2010.
Book. Subjects: condensed matter physics. 384 pages.
Acoustic microscopy enables you to image and measure the elastic properties of materials with the resolution of a good microscope. By using frequencies in the microwave range, it is possible to make...
Acoustically excited probe microscopy
in Acoustic Microscopy
September 2009; published online February 2010.
Chapter. Subjects: condensed matter physics. 10944 words.
Valiant attempts were made to increase the resolution of acoustic microscopy by employing ever higher frequencies and ever less attenuating coupling fluids. But this did not prove the ultimate way to...
ACOUSTICALLY INDUCED SUPERLATTICES: FROM PHOTONS AND ELECTRONS TO EXCITONS, TO-PHONONS AND POLARITONS
in Problems of Condensed Matter Physics
December 2007; published online May 2008.
Chapter. Subjects: condensed matter physics. 10086 words.
This chapter reviews the recently proposed concept of resonant acousto-optics, when interaction between the light and acoustic waves is mediated and strongly enhanced by the polarization field...
THE ACOUSTIC-WAVE DRIVEN QUANTUM PROCESSOR
in Problems of Condensed Matter Physics
December 2007; published online May 2008.
Chapter. Subjects: condensed matter physics. 3443 words.
This chapter reviews the use of surface acoustic waves (SAWs) in an electron-spin based quantum state processor. A SAW-induced electric current of discrete single or controllable numbers of...
Advanced Ferroelectricity
August 2011; published online January 2012.
Book. Subjects: condensed matter physics. 288 pages.
The field of ferroelectricity has greatly expanded and changed recently. In addition to classical organic and inorganic ferroelectrics as well as composite ferroelectrics new fields and materials...
Advanced hydraulics with SPH
in Fluid Mechanics and the SPH Method
May 2012; published online September 2012.
Chapter. Subjects: condensed matter physics. 40987 words.
Second-order derivatives in SPH are presented and their properties are studied. Discrete viscous forces are then introduced, and dissipation of energy is studied. Other fluid motion features are then...
Advanced modes of piezoresponse force microscopy for ferroelectric nanostructures
in Multifunctional Oxide Heterostructures
August 2012; published online January 2013.
Chapter. Subjects: condensed matter physics. 8863 words.
The rapid development of ferroelectric-based devices with reduced dimensions has generated a strong need for extensive investigation of the size effects in these materials. This chapter considers...