The Adjustment Problem and Protectionism
in Who's Afraid of the WTO?
January 2004; published online October 2011.
Chapter. Subjects: economic systems. 7951 words.
Chapter 3's mainly discusses the opposition to trade liberalization and the goals of the WTO coming from the adjustment problem. Economic adjustment is an ongoing and continuous process in all...
Admissions Policies in Europe
in International Migration
March 2004; published online August 2004.
Chapter. Subjects: economic systems. 3664 words.
Despite the persistence of idiosyncratic characteristics, the trend in Europe's immigration policies is one of convergence in two basic areas: border control and residence rights. Everywhere border...
Affirmative Action and Reservations in the American and Indian Labor Markets: Are They Really That Bad?
in A Not-so-dismal Science
January 2000; published online November 2003.
Chapter. Subjects: economic systems. 11469 words.
The theoretical and empirical evidence of the economic effects of affirmative action or quota (positive discrimination) programmes for minority racial groups in the USA, and of reservations of...
An Agenda for a Growing Europe
March 2004; published online July 2005.
Book. Subjects: economic systems. 234 pages.
This book presents the report on the European economic system, which was submitted to the President of the European Commission in July 2003. The report is divided into three parts. The first contains...
Aggregation Issues in Integrating and Accelerating the BEA's Accounts
in A New Architecture for the U.S. National Accounts
July 2006; published online February 2013.
Chapter. Subjects: economic systems. 18160 words.
This chapter considers aggregate measures of gross domestic product (GDP) obtained from the GDP-by-industry accounts. It identifies some of the causes of discrepancies between estimates...
Allocating Lending of Last Resort and Supervision in the Euro Area
in Monetary Unions and Hard Pegs
March 2004; published online August 2004.
Chapter. Subjects: economic systems. 6654 words.
The Maastricht Treaty created the European System of Central Banks and the European Central Bank (ECB) to head the system. The treaty entrusts the ECB with the responsibility for monetary policy, but...
America's Interest in Dollarization
in Monetary Unions and Hard Pegs
March 2004; published online August 2004.
Chapter. Subjects: economic systems. 5977 words.
This chapter examines the US interest in dollarization. Formal adoption of the US dollar by other governments creates both opportunities and risks for the United States, political as well as...
Analysing Flexibility and Stability in Co‐evolutionary Processes
in Flexibility and Stability in the Innovating Economy
April 2006; published online May 2006.
Chapter. Subjects: economic systems. 11601 words.
This chapter poses the question: How we can analyze, conceptually and empirically, whether or not certain types of change have occurred? It points out research areas to further address how, why, and...
The Anatomy of a Multiple Crisis: Why was Argentina Special and What Can We Learn from It?
in Monetary Unions and Hard Pegs
March 2004; published online August 2004.
Chapter. Subjects: economic systems. 19213 words.
The Argentine crisis has been variously blamed on fiscal imbalances, real overvaluation, and self-fulfilling investor pessimism triggering a capital flow reversal. This chapter provides a full...
Animal Use and Care
in Managing the Research University
July 2011; published online September 2011.
Chapter. Subjects: economic systems. 8215 words.
Federal legislation requires all suppliers of research animals to hold a license issued by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Class A breeders breed or acquire animals solely for...