A. J. Muste
Overview page. Subjects: peace studies and conflict resolution — military history.
(1885–1967), minister, labor organizer, antiwar activist.
Born in the Netherlands, Muste studied at theological seminaries in the United States and became a minister in the Dutch Reformed Church...
Aaron Burr
Overview page. Subjects: arts and humanities — warfare and defence.
(1756–1836)
US Democratic Republican statesman. After losing the presidential election to Jefferson in 1800, Burr was elected Vice-President. He was defeated in the contest for the governorship of New...
AB
Overview page. Subjects: maritime history — warfare and defence.
The abbreviated title for the rating of able seaman, indicating someone able to perform all the duties of a seaman on board ship. In the days of sail it was someone who could hand, reef, and steer,...
abaft
Overview page. Subjects: warfare and defence — maritime history.
Towards the stern of a ship, relative to some other object or position. Abaft the beam is any bearing or direction between the beam of a ship and its stern. See also aft; but ‘abaft’ is always...
Abbé de Saint-Pierre
Overview page. Subjects: literature — peace studies and conflict resolution.
Charles François Irénée Castel Abbé de Saint-Pierre (1658–1743) was born on 13 February 1658 at château Saint-Pierre-Eglise situated between Cherbourg and Barfleur in Normandy, France. Helped by...
Abd al-Qadir
Overview page. Subjects: Islam — African studies.
(d. 1883)
Algerian independence leader, Sufi mystic, and poet. Born in Algeria to a notable Moroccan family. Became involved in the Algerian independence movement after the French occupation of...
Abdou Diouf
Overview page. Subjects: contemporary history (post 1945) — African studies.
(b. 7 Mar. 1935).
President of Senegal 1981–2000 Born in Louga, he was educated at the University of Dakar, and graduated in law from the University of Paris. Upon his return to Senegal he became the...
Abigail Adams
Overview page. Subjects: literature — politics.
(1744–1818),
wife of John Adams, from whom she had to be separated for long periods during the Revolution, occasioning her frequent, loving, lively, and outspoken letters. She also engaged in ...
Abitur
Overview page. Subjects: literature — education.
The German examination equivalent to the General Certificate of Education Advanced Level. It is often held up by educators in the United Kingdom as a model to be emulated as it offers the academic...
above-the-line
Overview page. Subjects: media studies — marketing.
A term which now has come to mean mass audience advertising and promotional campaigns—for example, to describe campaigns that are targeted at high volumes of consumers in a large number of countries...