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A range of methods for determining the absolute age of an object or material, for example using radiometric dating which measures the decay product produced by radioactive decay in...

A more or less horizontal tunnel from a hillside into an underground mine, open to the surface at one end, that is used for access or drainage.

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Wind‐blown sediments characteristic of relatively dry periods, e.g. interpluvials or glacials with low precipitation. Aeolian deposits can easily bury sites and create well‐...

1 In the UK, a small plot of land rented by local people (usually from the local authority) on which they can cultivate food and flowers.

2 In the USA,...

The period before the Biblical flood (described in Genesis, Chapter 7).

The collective name for prehistoric and historic artefacts, objects, structures, ruins, sites, and monuments that have some cultural or scientific significance and are considered to be...

A Norwegianphilosopher, alpine climber, and influential environmental thinker (1912–2009), who coined the term deep ecology to express a vision of the world in which we protect the...

1 The mineral content of a product that remains after complete combustion, which consists mainly of minerals in oxidized form. See also fly ash.

2 Volcani...

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In geology, this term refers to the smallest formally recognized division in a sediment or rock formation within a defined stratigraphic series. In much Palaeolithic...

A treaty that was signed in 1909 providing the principles and mechanisms to help resolve disputes and to prevent future ones relating to water quantity and water quality along the boundary...