This chapter begins with a discussion of indexicals. An indexical expression is a term able to refer to different objects in different contexts. Standard examples include demonstratives (‘this’, ‘that’), spatial and temporal indexicals (‘here’, ‘now’), and the personal pronoun (‘I’, ‘you’). The treatment of indexicality within the realist theory of meaning is problematic, for if the meaning of a term is identified with its reference, an indexical expression will be ambiguous. It then discusses the pragmatic theory of anaphora and the first-person pronoun within speech reports.

This chapter begins with a discussion of indexicals. An indexical expression is a term able to refer to different objects in different contexts. Standard examples include demonstratives (‘this’, ‘that’), spatial and temporal indexicals (‘here’, ‘now’), and the personal pronoun (‘I’, ‘you’). The treatment of indexicality within the realist theory of meaning is problematic, for if the meaning of a term is identified with its reference, an indexical expression will be ambiguous. It then discusses the pragmatic theory of anaphora and the first-person pronoun within speech reports.