This chapter shows that between 1959 and 1961, Apartheid and the influx control policy shifted gear into a discrete second phase. The second phase of Apartheid inaugurated a series of new premises, objectives, and ideological tenets to remedy the perceived failures of existing urban policies. During the 1950s Apartheid was designed to accommodate the growing urban demand for African labour. However, during the following decade, the policy makers of the Department of Bantu Administration and Development (BAD) proposed that the state intervene in the process of economic integration. It rejected...

This chapter shows that between 1959 and 1961, Apartheid and the influx control policy shifted gear into a discrete second phase. The second phase of Apartheid inaugurated a series of new premises, objectives, and ideological tenets to remedy the perceived failures of existing urban policies. During the 1950s Apartheid was designed to accommodate the growing urban demand for African labour. However, during the following decade, the policy makers of the Department of Bantu Administration and Development (BAD) proposed that the state intervene in the process of economic integration. It rejected its previous tenet, that detribalisation had to be incorporated into the design of Apartheid, by allowing detribalised Africans the residential right to live in white urban areas unconditionally. By 1960, the BAD had embarked on more drastic methods to reduce the urbanised African population, which included various assaults on the very principle of residential rights.