The lung is a frequent site of opportunistic infection in patients with HIV infection, and noninfectious pulmonary disorders associated with HIV infection and antiretroviral treatments are increasingly common. The severity of immunocompromise, with CD4+ lymphocyte count the most reliable surrogate, is the primary determinant of the risk of developing specific pulmonary disorders: early in the course of HIV these are similar to those seen in the general population; opportunistic infections occur with severe immunodeficiency, but with frequency reduced by prophylaxis....

The lung is a frequent site of opportunistic infection in patients with HIV infection, and noninfectious pulmonary disorders associated with HIV infection and antiretroviral treatments are increasingly common. The severity of immunocompromise, with CD4+ lymphocyte count the most reliable surrogate, is the primary determinant of the risk of developing specific pulmonary disorders: early in the course of HIV these are similar to those seen in the general population; opportunistic infections occur with severe immunodeficiency, but with frequency reduced by prophylaxis....