city/state relations

J. Jacobs (1992) identifies two opposing ‘moral syndromes’ which give rise to different social spaces, spaces of flows, and spaces of places: cities are seen as commercial, honest, cooperative, enterprising, and conscientious; states are seen as guardians, supporting loyalty, tradition, ostentation, exclusion, and, when necessary, vengeance. Taylor (2007) TIBG32, 2 concludes that the city-state is not appropriate in a globalizing world, since the guardian functions of the city-state impinge too greatly on economic expansion.