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This chapter looks at how to implement management plans, monitor their conservation effectiveness and value for money, and ensure that they are resilient for the long term. Effective decision-making requires information on the state of the system, and cost effective ways of monitoring are discussed, including participatory monitoring. However, even with good information, some uncertainty about the system will always remain, and decisions must be made in the face of this. Methods of dealing with uncertainty through decision analysis are discussed, and placed in the context of adaptive management, in which the outcomes of management actions are used to learn about the system. Finally, external threats are discussed, considering ways to buffer against changes in the ecological, economic, and institutional context that are beyond control.
Keywords: conservation effectiveness; cost effectiveness; monitoring; participatory monitoring; decision making; decision analysis; uncertainty; adaptive management; external threats
Chapter. 15345 words. Illustrated.
Subjects: Biodiversity and Conservation Biology
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