Agricultural Transformations in Sugarcane and Labor in Brazil
in Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Latin American History
P ublished online September 2015 .
Article. Subjects: Latin American History; History of Science and Technology; Labour History. 10123 words.
The Portuguese took sugarcane from their Atlantic island holdings to Brazil in the first decades of the 16th century, using their model of extensive agriculture and coerced labor to turn...
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America’s Wars on Poverty and the Building of the Welfare State
in Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History
P ublished online March 2016 .
Article. Subjects: US History since 1945; Urban History; Labour History. 11887 words.
On January 5, 2014—the fiftieth anniversary of President Lyndon Johnson’s launch of the War on Poverty—the New York Times asked a panel of opinion leaders a simple question: “Does the U.S....
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American Film since 1945
in Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History
P ublished online February 2017 .
Article. Subjects: US History since 1945; US Cultural History; Labour History. 7495 words.
Over the past seventy years, the American film industry has transformed from mass-producing movies to producing a limited number of massive blockbuster movies on a global scale. Hollywood...
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American Labor and Working-Class History, 1900–1945
in Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History
P ublished online August 2016 .
Article. Subjects: US History 1900 - 1945; Urban History; Labour History. 14249 words.
Early 20th century American labor and working-class history is a subfield of American social history that focuses attention on the complex lives of working people in a rapidly changing...
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Arab Labor Migration in the Americas, 1880–1930
in Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History
P ublished online May 2019 .
Article. Subjects: US History 1900 - 1945; Labour History. 8911 words.
Between 1880 and 1924, an estimated half million Arab migrants left the Ottoman Empire to live and work in the Americas. Responding to new economic forces linking the Mediterranean and...
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Bracero Guest Worker Program
in Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History
Article. Subjects: US History 1900 - 1945; US History since 1945; US History (Immigration and Ethnicity); Labour History; Legal and Constitutional History. 230 words.
This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History. Please check back later for the full article.
On...
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The Bracero Program, 1942–1964
in Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Latin American History
P ublished online August 2018 .
Article. Subjects: Latin American History; Contemporary History (Post 1945); Diplomatic History; History of Gender and Sexuality; Labour History. 11409 words.
The Bracero Program began in 1942 as a temporary wartime measure but was extended repeatedly until 1964. During that time, more than 4.5 million braceros received contracts to work in the...
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Cesar Chavez and the United Farm Workers Movement
in Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History
P ublished online May 2016 .
Article. Subjects: US History since 1945; Labour History; Environmental History; US History (Immigration and Ethnicity); Western US History. 7874 words.
In September 1962, the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA) held its first convention in Fresno, California, initiating a multiracial movement that would result in the creation of...
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Child Labor in Brazil and Uruguay
in Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Latin American History
P ublished online October 2018 .
Article. Subjects: Latin American History; Local and Family History; Labour History. 10570 words.
The International Labour Organization estimates that there are 12.5 million children and adolescents under the age of fifteen currently working in Latin America and the Caribbean. Of these,...
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Communist Party USA, 1919 to 1957
in Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History
P ublished online January 2018 .
Article. Subjects: US History 1900 - 1945; Political History; Labour History. 6643 words.
The largest and most important revolutionary socialist organization in US history, the Communist Party USA was always a minority influence. It reached considerable size and influence,...
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