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[R. Abbé (1851–1928), American surgeon; J. A. Estlander (1831–81), Finnish surgeon] A full thickness flap of tissue taken from the middle portion of usually the lower lip and transferred to...

Four pairs of muscles (the rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, and the transversus abdominis), often referred to as the stomach muscles, which support and protect the...

Indications:

• Trauma.• Tumour: Desmoid, Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.• Radiation.• Infection: Gas gangrene,...

An aesthetic procedure which aims to provide a flatter, narrower abdomen by excising skin and fat excess and addressing rectus divarication, generally by using a lower transverse abdominal...

A small muscle crossing the wrist. It helps to straighten the thumb and move the thumb away from the fingers. It is attached proximally to the trapezium and scaphoid bones (origin), and...

A muscle deep in the forearm. It helps to move the forearm sideways from the trunk. Its other actions include abduction and extension of the thumb. It is attached proximally to the...

Synthetic:

• Used for sutures and investigated for other devices such as plates and screws (LactoSorb).• One class of polymers used is the alphahydroxy acids including...

Isotretinoin. The synthetic retinoid derivative 13-cis-retinoic acid (Accutane) used for severe Acne vulgaris. The dose is 1 mg/kg body weight for an initial 4–5-month course of therapy. It...

• Common papillomatous lesion occurring in middle adult life.• Multiple, fleshy, skin-coloured tags.• Occur mainly on neck, upper chest and axilla.• The only symptoms relate to...

• One of the Congenital hand anomalies.• Fusion of digits distally.• Mainly sporadic, non-hereditary occurrence.• Associated with Constriction ring syndrome.• Bilateral in 50%,...