The Academy
in Classics
P ublished online June 2014 .
Article. Subjects: Classical Studies; Classical Art and Architecture; Classical History; Classical Literature; Classical Philosophy. 12664 words.
The term “Academy,” even in the context of the ancient world, could mean a number of different things. The most general meaning applies to the gymnasium of Hecademus at Athens (originally...
The Acropolis of Athens
in Classics
P ublished online June 2015 .
Article. Subjects: Classical Studies; Classical Art and Architecture; Classical History; Classical Literature; Classical Philosophy. 16245 words.
The Acropolis (Akropolis) of Athens has played an important role in the history of the city from prehistory to the present day. It is both a physical location, standing on a rocky outcrop...
The Acropolis of Athens
in Classics
P ublished online June 2015 .
Article. Subjects: Classical Studies; Classical Art and Architecture; Classical History; Classical Literature; Classical Philosophy. 16245 words.
The Acropolis (Akropolis) of Athens has played an important role in the history of the city from prehistory to the present day. It is both a physical location, standing on a rocky outcrop...
Aeschylus
in Classics
P ublished online December 2009 .
Article. Subjects: Classical Studies; Classical Art and Architecture; Classical History; Classical Literature; Classical Philosophy. 12619 words.
Aeschylus (also spelled Aischylos or Aiskhylos) was born c. 525/4 bce to an aristocratic family in Eleusis, a town in western Attica, part of the territory controlled by Athens. He was one...
Aeschylus’s Oresteia
in Classics
P ublished online January 2018 .
Article. Subjects: Classical Studies; Classical Art and Architecture; Classical History; Classical Literature; Classical Philosophy. 8232 words.
The Oresteia, the pinnacle, and likely the final production, of Aeschylus’s long career in Athens, was produced at the City Dionysia of 458 bce, where it won the first prize. The Oresteian...
Aesthetic, Sociological, and Exploitative Attitudes to Landscape in Greco-Roman Literature, Art, and Culture
P ublished online January 2017 .
Article. Subjects: Classical Art and Architecture; Classical Poetry; Classical Reception. 16324 words.
This article introduces and discusses ancient and contemporary approaches to landscape and proposes model readings for their evaluation. Model readings suggest strategies drawn from...
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Agriculture in the Classical World
in Classics
P ublished online July 2018 .
Article. Subjects: Classical Studies; Classical Art and Architecture; Classical History; Classical Literature; Classical Philosophy. 9050 words.
In pre-industrial societies, agriculture was one of the most significant economic factors. Not only was agriculture essential for providing the population with food, but it also played an...
Alcibiades
in Classics
P ublished online April 2017 .
Article. Subjects: Classical Studies; Classical Art and Architecture; Classical History; Classical Literature; Classical Philosophy. 28923 words.
Alcibiades began his political career in Athens in the 420s bce, and became an important politician and general during the Peloponnesian War. His story survives in a rich record of...
Alexander of Aphrodisias
in Classics
P ublished online April 2018 .
Article. Subjects: Classical Studies; Classical Art and Architecture; Classical History; Classical Literature; Classical Philosophy. 18210 words.
The Greek Aristotelian commentator par excellence, Alexander of Aphrodisias (fl. c 200 ce) shaped the reception and fortuna of Aristotle’s corpus for centuries to come, summing up centuries...
Alexander the Great
in Classics
P ublished online April 2011 .
Article. Subjects: Classical Studies; Classical Art and Architecture; Classical History; Classical Literature; Classical Philosophy. 27840 words.
It has been said about Alexander the Great (b. 356–d. 323 bce) that his name marked the end of an old world epoch and the beginning of a new one. Alexander’s empire that stretched from the...
Ammianus Marcellinus
in Classics
P ublished online May 2011 .
Article. Subjects: Classical Studies; Classical Art and Architecture; Classical History; Classical Literature; Classical Philosophy. 12866 words.
Ammianus Marcellinus (b. c. 330—d. after 390) was a native Greek speaker who served in the Roman army and in about 390 completed the Res gestae, a Latin history in thirty-one books from...
Ammianus Marcellinus
in Classics
P ublished online May 2011 .
Article. Subjects: Classical Studies; Classical Art and Architecture; Classical History; Classical Literature; Classical Philosophy. 12860 words.
Ammianus Marcellinus (b. c. 330—d. after 390) was a native Greek speaker who served in the Roman army and in about 390 completed the Res gestae, a Latin history in thirty-one books from...
Anaxagoras
in Classics
P ublished online May 2014 .
Article. Subjects: Classical Studies; Classical Art and Architecture; Classical History; Classical Literature; Classical Philosophy. 10392 words.
The Presocratic philosopher Anaxagoras of Clazomenae (in Ionia, now western Turkey) was active in the mid-5th century bce. He was probably the first of the early Greek philosophers to live...
Ancient Commentators on Aristotle
in Classics
P ublished online June 2014 .
Article. Subjects: Classical Studies; Classical Art and Architecture; Classical History; Classical Literature; Classical Philosophy. 8072 words.
In the 1st century bce, the previously unknown lecture notes that we now know as Aristotle’s works were rediscovered, and from then until the end of antiquity they received close attention...
Ancient Crete
in Classics
P ublished online February 2010 .
Article. Subjects: Classical Studies; Classical Art and Architecture; Classical History; Classical Literature; Classical Philosophy. 28200 words.
The island of Crete holds a special position in classical studies, primarily as the birthplace of the earliest “high culture” in Europe: the Minoan civilization of the Bronze Age. But in...
Ancient Demography
in Classics
P ublished online September 2015 .
Article. Subjects: Classical Studies; Classical Art and Architecture; Classical History; Classical Literature; Classical Philosophy. 17056 words.
Demography, or population studies, tackles questions surrounding the structure and dynamics of populations. It is concerned with life events of individuals: births, marriages, migration,...
Ancient Demography
in Classics
P ublished online September 2015 .
Article. Subjects: Classical Studies; Classical Art and Architecture; Classical History; Classical Literature; Classical Philosophy. 17052 words.
Demography, or population studies, tackles questions surrounding the structure and dynamics of populations. It is concerned with life events of individuals: births, marriages, migration,...
Ancient Doxography
in Classics
P ublished online May 2016 .
Article. Subjects: Classical Studies; Classical Art and Architecture; Classical History; Classical Literature; Classical Philosophy. 13898 words.
The term “doxography” is derived from two Greek words, doxa (tenet, view, opinion) and graphein (to write). Literally, therefore, it means “the writing of tenets, views or opinions.” Such...
Ancient Greek and Latin Grammarians
in Classics
P ublished online August 2018 .
Article. Subjects: Classical Studies; Classical Art and Architecture; Classical History; Classical Literature; Classical Philosophy. 11482 words.
Grammarians are specialists of language(s) and texts. Although their status, attributions, and functions have changed across history, their teaching builds the foundation for not only...
Ancient Greek Language
in Classics
P ublished online April 2012 .
Article. Subjects: Classical Studies; Classical Art and Architecture; Classical History; Classical Literature; Classical Philosophy. 10061 words.
The Greek language is first attested written in an awkward syllabic script on clay tablets dating to the 14th–13th centuries bce. After a gap of around four centuries, it is found again...
