“A New Dawn has Broken has it Not?” New Labour and the European Union
in A Stranger in Europe
April 2008; p ublished online October 2011 .
Chapter. Subjects: European Union. 11925 words.
Tony Blair was elected to the House of Commons in 1983 at a time when the Labour Party was committed to withdrawal from the European Community (EC). Following the defeat of 1983 and the...
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Abuses of Asymmetry: Privilege and Exclusion
in European Integration After Amsterdam
March 2000; p ublished online November 2003 .
Chapter. Subjects: European Union. 12662 words.
Differentiated integration, e.g. arising out of the flexibility provisions of the Amsterdam Treaty, is a special instance of functional asymmetry within compound political systems such as...
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Access
in Insiders versus Outsiders
July 2016; p ublished online August 2016 .
Chapter. Subjects: European Union. 9631 words.
Gaining access to decision-makers is an important objective of interest groups. Not all groups, however, enjoy equal access. Some have continuous access to decision-makers in different...
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Accountability
in Political Responsibility and the European Union
October 2008; p ublished online July 2012 .
Chapter. Subjects: European Union. 11273 words.
This chapter examines accountability as a sub-practice of EU governance. It first distinguishes between political and other forms of accountability, then tries to spell out the basic...
Accountability and the Separation of Talk and Action
in Democratic Accountability, Political Order, and Change
April 2017; p ublished online April 2017 .
Chapter. Subjects: Comparative Politics; European Union. 13936 words.
Democratic agents are supposed to speak the truth so that there is consistency between what they do and what they say. There is, nevertheless, a tension between cultural demands for...
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Accounting for Schengen: Cultures of Border Control and Their Evolution
in Cultures of Border Control
April 2011; p ublished online March 2013 .
Chapter. Subjects: European Union. 9223 words.
This chapter reviews the main tenets of the three cultures of border control that define the European case (“Westphalia,” “Schengen,” and “Brussels”). It also discusses the concept of...
Accounting for varying electoral fortunes
in The Extreme Right in Western Europe
April 2011; p ublished online July 2012 .
Chapter. Subjects: European Union. 6802 words.
This chapter establishes the extent to which the four sets of explanations of electoral fortunes may account for the performance of right-wing extremist parties in Western Europe. It is...
The Accounting Standards Regime
in The Regimes of European Integration
July 2010; p ublished online September 2010 .
Chapter. Subjects: European Union. 7123 words.
This chapter shows how the EU decided to adopt International Accounting Standards (IAS) from the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) as official EU reporting standards, after...
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The Achilles Heel of Post-War European Integration
in States, Debt, and Power
June 2014; p ublished online August 2014 .
Chapter. Subjects: European Union. 23317 words.
This chapter examines the formalization of creditor-debtor state relations in post-1945 Europe within the early framework of the Bretton Woods system. It looks in depth at the European...
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Acting for Europe
in International Relations and the European Union
May 2017; p ublished online September 2017 .
Chapter. Subjects: European Union. 11921 words.
This chapter summarizes the volume's major findings and revisits the three perspectives on the European Union: as a system of international relations, as a participant in wider...
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The Activation of Citizenship in Europe
November 2012; p ublished online January 2013 .
Book. Subjects: European Union. 256 pages.
This book illuminates the links between the currently dominant transnational discourse on what constitutes ‘modern’ social policy and contemporary concepts and practices of citizenship....
The Active Leverage of the European Union
in Europe Undivided
February 2005; p ublished online April 2005 .
Chapter. Subjects: European Union. 15224 words.
This chapter presents a theoretical framework for the EU’s active leverage, defined as the EU’s deliberate efforts to promote reform in candidate states moving towards EU membership. Active...
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Activism after EU Leverage
in Coming Out of Communism
September 2018; p ublished online May 2019 .
Chapter. Subjects: European Union. 10769 words.
This chapter completes the close comparison of Poland and the Czech Republic. In 2004, both became EU members, a change that weakened transnational leverage and reshaped the political...
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Activism before EU Leverage
in Coming Out of Communism
September 2018; p ublished online May 2019 .
Chapter. Subjects: European Union. 9935 words.
This is the first of three chapters that process trace the development of LGBT activism in Poland and the Czech Republic through the different stages of exposure to and integration into the...
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Activism under EU Leverage
in Coming Out of Communism
September 2018; p ublished online May 2019 .
Chapter. Subjects: European Union. 10783 words.
This chapter shows how the onset of EU leverage began to transform the dynamics of LGBT activism in Poland but not in the Czech Republic. The arcs of activism now began to reverse, with the...
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Actors and Institutions in Environmental Governance
in Environmental Governance in Europe
October 2002; p ublished online October 2011 .
Chapter. Subjects: European Union. 13029 words.
Policy-making is an institutional process as well as an intellectual activity. In the previous chapter, the intellectual component of policy-making was examined by looking at some of the...
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Adjudicatory Authority in Practice
in Informal Governance in the European Union
September 2013; p ublished online August 2016 .
Chapter. Subjects: European Union. 4375 words.
This chapter demonstrates how the presidency allows the member states to discriminate in practice between legitimate and exaggerated demands for flexibility. The case of the Working Time...
Administrative structures in Germany
in The Länder and German federalism
July 2003; p ublished online July 2012 .
Chapter. Subjects: European Union. 21299 words.
To some extent the Allies tried after World War II to break older administrative traditions in Germany, but the Americans and French looked for guidance at the pre-Nazi administrative...
Adversaries on the Left: Revolutionary Rhetoric and Reformist Realities
in Fragmented France
April 2007; p ublished online May 2007 .
Chapter. Subjects: European Union. 15369 words.
Weak party and trade union organizations have been fragmented by fascination with revolutionary rhetoric despite recourse in practice to reformism. Following a contrast between anarchist...
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Adversaries: Partisan Intellectuals and Polarized Political Culture
in Fragmented France
April 2007; p ublished online May 2007 .
Chapter. Subjects: European Union. 16775 words.
Intellectuals have imparted polemical contentiousness to French political controversy. Zola's role in the Dreyfus case had a literary legacy on both the Left and Right, with Surrealists and...
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