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[R. Abbé (1851–1928), American surgeon; J. A. Estlander (1831–81), Finnish surgeon] A full thickness flap of tissue taken from the middle portion of usually the lower lip and transferred to...

Four pairs of muscles (the rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, and the transversus abdominis), often referred to as the stomach muscles, which support and protect the...

Indications:

• Trauma.• Tumour: Desmoid, Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.• Radiation.• Infection: Gas gangrene,...

An aesthetic procedure which aims to provide a flatter, narrower abdomen by excising skin and fat excess and addressing rectus divarication, generally by using a lower transverse abdominal...

A small muscle crossing the wrist. It helps to straighten the thumb and move the thumb away from the fingers. It is attached proximally to the trapezium and scaphoid bones (origin), and...

A muscle deep in the forearm. It helps to move the forearm sideways from the trunk. Its other actions include abduction and extension of the thumb. It is attached proximally to the...

Synthetic:

• Used for sutures and investigated for other devices such as plates and screws (LactoSorb).• One class of polymers used is the alphahydroxy acids including...

Isotretinoin. The synthetic retinoid derivative 13-cis-retinoic acid (Accutane) used for severe Acne vulgaris. The dose is 1 mg/kg body weight for an initial 4–5-month course of therapy. It...

• Common papillomatous lesion occurring in middle adult life.• Multiple, fleshy, skin-coloured tags.• Occur mainly on neck, upper chest and axilla.• The only symptoms relate to...

• One of the Congenital hand anomalies.• Fusion of digits distally.• Mainly sporadic, non-hereditary occurrence.• Associated with Constriction ring syndrome.• Bilateral in 50%,...

Precancerous epidermal thickening and scaly lesions caused by exposure to solar radiation, occurring especially in fair-skinned people. The occurrence of these lesions is an indication for...

A muscle with its origin on the capitate (the largest bone of the wrist), and the second and third metacarapals. Its insertion is on the ulnar proximal phalanx of the thumb. Its primary...

A flap comprised of fascia and overlying fat. Essentially, the same as a fasciocutaneous flap with the skin dissected away from the flap.

Anatomy:

• Dermal...

• In adnexal tumours, the relationship between stromal and epithelial components is maintained though distorted to varying degrees.• They are classified by the degree and the...

Adson’s test arm adducted. A test used in the assessment of Thoracic outlet syndrome.• Patient stands with arm adducted against front of trunk. Feel radial pulse.• Extend neck and turn ...

• A local random pattern flap where tissue is advanced to fill an adjacent defect. Examples include• Single pedicle: raised as a square or rectangle with two...

Gonzalez-Ulloa in 1956 divided the face into regions or units to aid in the planning of reconstruction. Some principles of reconstruction by units are:• Patients wish to look normal.• The...

Chronology:

• 30s: redundant eyelid skin, crows feet.• 40s: prominent nasolabial folds, forehead furrows.• 50s: neck rhytids, jowls.null...

• To test the integrity of arterial anastomotis between the radial and ulnar side of the hand.• Occlude radial and ulnar artery and empty hand by making a fist.• Release ...

An immunologically inert dermis derived from human cadaver.