founder
Overview page. Subjects: Warfare and Defence — Maritime History.
Of a ship, to sink at sea, generally understood to be by the flooding of its hull either through springing a leak or through striking a rock. Other causes of a ship sinking, such as...
Founder Effect Speciation
in Evolutionary Biology
P ublished online January 2014 .
Article. Subjects: Evolutionary Biology. 10486 words.
The origin of species (speciation)—the process by which two or more species evolve from a single ancestral species—is a central problem in evolutionary biology. During the evolutionary...
The Impact of Founder Events on Chromosomal Variability in Multiply Mating Species
in Molecular Biology and Evolution
August 2008; p ublished online May 2008 .
Journal Article. Subjects: Evolutionary Biology; Molecular and Cell Biology. 6749 words.
In species with heterogametic males, the relative levels of X chromosome versus autosome diversity hold key information about the evolutionary forces at work in a population. It has been...
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Founders, Drift, and Infidelity: The Relationship between Y Chromosome Diversity and Patrilineal Surnames
in Molecular Biology and Evolution
May 2009; p ublished online February 2009 .
Journal Article. Subjects: Evolutionary Biology; Molecular and Cell Biology. 5690 words.
Most heritable surnames, like Y chromosomes, are passed from father to son. These unique cultural markers of coancestry might therefore have a genetic correlate in shared Y chromosome types...
Comparative Genetics and Evolution of Annexin A13 as the Founder Gene of Vertebrate Annexins
in Molecular Biology and Evolution
May 2002; p ublished online May 2002 .
Journal Article. Subjects: Evolutionary Biology; Molecular and Cell Biology. 8733 words.
Annexin A13 (ANXA13) is believed to be the original founder gene of the 12-member vertebrate annexin A family, and it has acquired an intestine-specific expression associated with a highly...
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Characterizing the multiplicity of HIV founder variants during sexual transmission among MSM
in Virus Evolution
P ublished online June 2016 .
Journal Article. Subjects: Public Health and Epidemiology; Epidemiology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics and Genomics; Microbiology. 3508 words.
Transmission of multiple founder variants has been associated with faster HIV disease progression. Many studies have attempted to determine the number of founder variants, mainly by...
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Testing Founder Effect Speciation: Divergence Population Genetics of the Spoonbills Platalea regia and Pl. minor (Threskiornithidae, Aves)
in Molecular Biology and Evolution
January 2011; p ublished online August 2010 .
Journal Article. Subjects: Evolutionary Biology; Molecular and Cell Biology. 6254 words.
Although founder effect speciation has been a popular theoretical model for the speciation of geographically isolated taxa, its empirical importance has remained difficult to evaluate due...
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Genetic Variability and Founder Effect in the Pitcher Plant Sarracenia purpurea (Sarraceniaceae) in Populations Introduced into Switzerland: from Inbreeding to Invasion
in Annals of Botany
January 2005; p ublished online November 2004 .
Journal Article. Subjects: Ecology and Conservation; Evolutionary Biology; Plant Sciences and Forestry. 7693 words.
• Background and Aims The long-lived and mainly outcrossing species Sarracenia purpurea has been introduced into Switzerland and become invasive. This creates the opportunity to study...
Mendel, Gregor
in Encyclopedia of Evolution
January 2002; p ublished online January 2005 .
Reference Entry. Subjects: Evolutionary Biology. 735 words.
Gregor Mendel (1822–1884) is credited as the founder of the study of genetics and discovered the fundamental laws
Linnaeus, Carolus
in Encyclopedia of Evolution
January 2002; p ublished online January 2005 .
Reference Entry. Subjects: Evolutionary Biology. 900 words.
Carolus Linnaeus (1707–1778), the founder of modern systematics and nomenclature, was born in Råshult, Sweden, on 23 May
Darwin, Charles (1809–1882)
in Encyclopedia of Evolution
January 2002; p ublished online January 2005 .
Reference Entry. Subjects: Evolutionary Biology. 2494 words.
(1809–1882), English naturalist, the founder of modern evolutionary biology.
Although Darwin was not the first scientist to advocate
Population Ecology and Population Heritability
in Adaptation in Metapopulations
May 2016; p ublished online January 2017 .
Chapter. Subjects: Evolutionary Biology. 7832 words.
This chapter contains a discussion of the ecological and the genetic causes of variation in population growth rate in the flour beetle, Tribolium, especially as they are affected by...
Evolving Embryology
in Genesis
September 2003; p ublished online September 2007 .
Chapter. Subjects: Evolutionary Biology. 3984 words.
This chapter discusses the development of embryology. Experimental embryology, which began in the 1880s, aimed to discover the actual physicochemical processes by which the adult developed...
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Evolution in Space
in Molecular Panbiogeography of the Tropics
January 2012; p ublished online September 2012 .
Chapter. Subjects: Evolutionary Biology. 21114 words.
The main processes in biogeography are phylogenetic differentiation by vicariance, range expansion by normal ecological dispersal, and, in some cases, sympatric differentiation. Chance...
Comparison of sequence variants in transcriptomic control regions across 17 mouse genomes
in Database
P ublished online March 2014 .
Journal Article. Subjects: Bioinformatics and Computational Biology; Ecology and Conservation; Evolutionary Biology. 3514 words.
The laboratory mouse is the most widely used mammalian model organism in biomedical research, so a thorough annotation of functional variation in the mouse genome would be of significant...
How the Wedge Began
in Creationism's Trojan Horse
February 2004; p ublished online April 2010 .
Chapter. Subjects: Evolutionary Biology. 3683 words.
This chapter sketches briefly the history of the intelligent design movement’s Wedge Strategy. The strategy began to take shape in the early 1990s after Phillip E. Johnson, the intelligent...
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Evolutionary origins of diversity in human viruses
in Evolution in Health and Disease
November 2007; p ublished online April 2010 .
Chapter. Subjects: Evolutionary Biology. 9003 words.
Our knowledge of the amount, pattern, and origins of genetic diversity varies enormously among human viruses. The four groups of viruses discussed in detail here (herpes viruses, AIDS...
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Evolutionary Theory
in Principles of Evolutionary Medicine
March 2016; p ublished online May 2016 .
Chapter. Subjects: Evolutionary Biology. 19288 words.
Evolutionary science explains the huge diversity of present and past life forms. Heritable variation between particular characteristics (traits) of individuals causes differential...
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SameXDifference
in Promising Genomics
February 2008; p ublished online March 2012 .
Chapter. Subjects: Evolutionary Biology. 6910 words.
Throughout the disagreements, differences and debates over the Health Sector Database and deCODE Genetics, there were at least two words that appeared everywhere: Iceland was “isolated” and...
Evolutionary Theory
September 2016; p ublished online May 2017 .
Book. Subjects: Evolutionary Biology. 394 pages.
The hierarchical approach to evolution, emerged since the 1980s at the crossroads of paleobiology, genetics, and developmental biology, has grown into a unifying perspective on the natural...
A novel multi-alignment pipeline for high-throughput sequencing data
in Database
P ublished online June 2014 .
Journal Article. Subjects: Bioinformatics and Computational Biology; Ecology and Conservation; Evolutionary Biology. 6617 words.
Mapping reads to a reference sequence is a common step when analyzing allele effects in high-throughput sequencing data. The choice of reference is critical because its effect on...
